General Relativity & the Evolution of Events: Relativistic Explanations for Galactic Rotational Velocities and the Hubble Shift In August of 2015 I had an inspiration while trying to resolve gravity. Over the next nine months I used that inspiration to come up with the worst thing I have ever written: a true embarrassment. Realizing this, I went back to school online to take refresher courses in calculus, then a course in quantum physics at MIT using their open courseware, while reading another book and other materials on the subject, and then finally studying tensor calculus so I could read Einstein's original papers and understand what he was saying. The paper was published in the Journal of Cosmology, Vol. 26, on 7/29/2019, and updated when I had the math to prove it, on 7/27/2022. It forms the basis of Vol. 27 on Time diltion cosmolgy. I am also now the Managing Editor and Special Guest Editor for time Diltion Cosmology: General Relativity: Effects in Time as Causation, On 10/3/2019 the journal began their first new volume in 3 years, Vol. 27, "Time Dilation Cosmology in the Evolving Spacetime/Quantum Continuum: General Relativity and the Hubble Shift", based upon my paper and model of the universe, hoping to encourage papers that support and expand upon it. The latest version now has mathematical proof that all gravitationally induced velocities in the universe are merely compensation for the apparent slower rate of time in a mass. As of this update to this site, 11/4/22, it has had over 700 astro/quantum physicist downloads from about 38 universities worldwide. On 1/30/2020 I put up a new page on the spiritual implications of this model in the form of some "Quantum Tales" I like to tell that tie the quantum world to the spiritual, miraculous, world. By deriving the Hubble constant as a 2.2686*10-18 acceleration in the rate of proper time, rather than as an acceleration through space (or as due to an expansion of space), and adding that acceleration to the time elements of Einstein's Tensor, we complete General Relativity, eliminating Big Bangs and Crunches, infinite expansions (accelerating or not) and "Dark Energy". The acceleration manifests a time dilation gradient looking outward so older frames are also slower frames until a 1 s/s difference is reached, a "Limit of Relativity", at the cosmological horizon, where time appears to stop, the same effect we would see with a recessional velocity of c, which a Hubble constant of 70 Mps/sec indicates occurs at ~13.9+ Gly, just beyond the currently accepted Cosmological Horizon at ~13.8 Gly. Looking inward into the galaxies, we see another 1 s/s Limit of Relativity at the event horizons of the MECOs at the centers of the galaxies, where time also appears to stop. This gives us an eternal spacetime (quantum) continuum evolving between two apparent Limits of Relativity, and, if we accept the 1 s/s Limit of Relativity as establishing the boundaries of our universe in all directions, and as the center of a MECO is empty space, the center of each MECO at the center of each galaxy is a branching of the universe into an infinity of other universes as the older frames at the cosmological horizon fade away. Time evolves space (and the events therein) forward. This makes time the fundamental force of the universe. This is the evolution of space in situ in the forward direction of time, not a forward evolution in space. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution (FDE). When a time dilation gradient is introduced, we also see an evolution of events down the gradient, because to the outside observer the next instant manifests first in the faster frames. This is the Gravitational Direction of Evolution (GDE). This is why gravity only has one direction and why it overpowers the other forces so easily even though it appears to be so weak: it is an irresistible evolutionary force in time. The apparent curvature of motion of distant objects we observe from our inertial frames as the continuum evolves forward is a resultant of these two directions of evolution. General Relativity describes how that evolution appears to an inertial observer due to the Lorentz transformations in a spherical dilation pit and under other, but not all, circumstances. It is shown how this gravitational evolution manifests kinetic energy which is translated into pressure and thermal energy at the focus of a spherical time dilation pit. Galactic rotation velocities are explained by applying this view of the evolving spacetime continuum, eliminating "Dark Matter". The origin of spacetime is explained, which allows for the explanation provided for non-locality.

My second paper, "Time Dilation Cosmology", was publishedd in the Journal of Modern Physics on 5/29/2023. This paper further reduces the equations in my first paper and contains additional derivations and concepts. The Abstract is: This model ties gravitation and celestial mechanics and kinematics directly to time dilation. It is a new theory of cosmology and the evolution of galaxies. Space and time are not two separate things, but two aspects of a single thing, “spacetime”. Whatever affects space, affects time, and vice-versa. If time speeds up, space must contract to maintain the speed of light, c, and when space thickens into a mass, it is harder to evolve forward, and time appears to slow. If spatial events are spinning as time passes, then the forward direction of time is spinning. This is Einstein’s curvature in the forward direction of time. Herein, the basis is outlined for time dilation cosmology in a spacetime/quantum continuum, including the time dilation-based derivation of the mass of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR), and time dilation formulas are derived for stellar system orbital, and galactic rotation, velocities, the force in time in Newtons, the Hamiltonian, the Hubble shift, the empirical gravitational constant, G, and other formulas, showing their direct relationship to the difference in the rate of time between the far distant observer’s invariant 1 s/s rate of time and the slower rate of time at the coordinate point, proving the universe is not composed of separate bodies moving through space, but is an evolving 3-dimensional holographic continuum containing varying densities evolving forward in the forward direction of time, the 4th dimension, at apparently different rates of time, the velocities merely being compensation for those slower rates of time in a continuum evolving forward overall at c, which is why light propagates at c, even from a moving source. As per General Relativity, if there is no rate of time difference between coordinate points, there is no gravitational attraction between those points, and no gravitationally induced velocity. This model resolves all the major conundrums in astrophysics, eliminating Dark Energy and Dark Matter, and ties astrophysics directly to quantum physics.

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